Vicenç Navarro
Público.es
Españolista myths of nationalism uninational
One of the reasons given most often in circles of Spanish political and media establishment to explain the growth of separatism in Catalonia is that most of the Catalan population has been subjected to brainwashing during most years of government in Catalunya Catalan nationalist parties, which explains their growing desire to separate from the rest of Spain, I would be the result of his alleged indoctrination in anti-Spanish sentiment.
There have been voices, predominantly of the Catalan right, conservative orientation and / or neoliberal, who have helped this perception created through messages and slogans like "Spain robs" with those who have contributed to the expansion in Spain such reading of what is happening in Catalunya.
Statements on the sixth night of who was president of the Community of Castilla-La Mancha, and Minister of Defense during the PSOE government (led by Mr Zapatero), Mr. José Bono, are a clear case of this thought dominant attributing what happens in Catalonia to a manipulation of public information systems and public institutions reproduction of securities by the ruling parties in the Generalitat de Catalunya.
Without denying the instrumentalization of such means by Pujol, more and Puigdemont governments (which I have criticized extensively), which presents even more strongly in other autonomous communities in Spain (where media are also manipulated by the ruling parties ), that fact is insufficient to explain the growing desire between large sections of the Catalan population to secede from Spain.
Such manipulation of the media by the Catalan nationalist governments of the Generalitat de Catalunya has been ongoing for over thirty years in office and yet, the growth of separatism has only recently been given and a very fast way, and especially since the Constitutional Court of the Spanish State rejected important elements of the statute proposed by the Catalan government tripartite headed by the socialist Pasqual Maragall (during the few years Catalonia has been ruled by the left), and was approved by the Parliament, by the Spanish Cortes and endorsed later by the people of Catalunya.
The real causes of the growth of separatism in Catalonia: the uninational nationalism of the Spanish State Bourbon and Spanish political and media establishment
The fact that the rights and many Spanish left allocate responsibility for such growth informational and educational policies of the Catalan government, it is due to his desire to deny any responsibility of the Spanish State in the growth of separatism, which is precisely the main cause of the increase in large sectors of the Catalan town of desire to secede from Spain.
The cause of this growth is not therefore in Catalunya, but primarily in public policies of the central government based in the capital of the Kingdom (which has little to do with the popular Madrid), the center of Spanish nationalism, which is the first and most important cause of that growth. It should be obvious that to understand what happens in Catalonia must know the hidden past (deliberately forgotten in the official history of the country) and present sesgadamente shown by the country 's political-media establishment, which Mr. Bono is representative.
Today such uninational nationalism, whose ultimate expression was the Franco dictatorship that existed in Spain for forty years and whose culture has remained in democracy that followed, and which lives as a result of the transition (misnamed modélica) from dictatorship to democracy was not a break with the previous state, but an openness to incorporate elements of democracy that would allow him to enter the European Union, elements which were insufficient to standardize the existing democracy in Spain to most countries such political-administrative community.
Españolista uninational the nationalism that is not defined as nationalism
The Spanish state has always been the greatest instrument of that Spanish nationalism, conveyed by the Bourbon monarchy. This uninational view is also dominant in the Spanish intelligentsia. And it is so powerful and so pervasive that the authors that reproduce are not even aware of it. It is characteristic of any discriminatory dominant discourse that reproduces not even realize it.
In a macho culture, for example, sexist expressions used in language are not even recognized as such by the people who use them, because they are not even aware of it. Such terms are so integrated into the dominant language and way of thinking that are not even considered ideological: are considered as a logical reasonable neutral language, and / or. The same goes therefore with Spanish nationalism, which is not even considered nationalism. The term "nationalism" is used to define the peripheral nationalisms such as Catalan, Basque and Galician. But never to define the Spanish nationalism.
Hear a Vargas Llosa, or a Fernando Sabater or a José Bono saying that nationalisms are bad, defining as such only peripheral, without recognizing that they are, in turn, deeply nationalistic, imposing nationalism everyone else, it is characteristic of what is happening today in Spain. They have published or made statements demonizing peripheral nationalisms with typical arguments of Spanish nationalism, emphasizing the uninacionalidad of Spain, messages transmitted in El Pais and other media-politician Bourbon state media establishment.
This uninational nationalism was imposed by blood and fire in Catalonia during the Civil War. Do not want to acknowledge that, for example, the Catalan language was banned by the occupants of Catalunya (only tolerated in the family room), allowing only speak "the language of the empire", as defined in Castilian. Fascism, the highest expression of Spanish nationalism , oppression meant not only social class but also for the nation. The latter never recognized or supported, and deliberately forgets its enormous brutality that shocked even leaders of German Nazism and Italian fascism, visiting Barcelona during the occupation (see Chapter X, "La llarga nit del franquisme" in Josep Fontana, La formació d'una identitat. A history of Catalunya).
It was a tactical terror imposed by the putschists who interrupted a republican democratic system, as the occupying forces of Spanish nationalism knew they had the majority of the population against (see "A brief personal history of our country" in www.vnavarro. org , 09/26/17).
Españolista the imposition of nationalism uninational
In Catalonia there was an attempt of cultural genocide, made unknown, ignored, hidden or slighted by the Spanish nationalism. There was a brutal repression that joined the spread terror throughout Spain, imposed by the oligarchies and elites of the power structure against most classes, terror caused by the same minority who acted against the Catalan culture. Hence the Catalan left always defend the struggle for the liberation of the working class and the Catalan nation were the same, a fact that even the Catalan nationalist right led by Mr. Pujol had to admit.
In Spain the great influence of Spanish nationalism explains that any defense of Catalan identity and the plurinational state has always been seen as secessionism. Marginalization of Pasqual Maragall, the socialist president of the Generalitat de Catalunya, by the leadership of the Socialist Party under the leadership of President Zapatero and his team, including his Minister of Defense, Mr Bono, because of its attempt to recover rights of Catalonia as a nation, exemplifies this influence. Bono accused the minister of secessionist sympathies. Indeed, recognition of Catalunya never responded to a secessionist goal .
It was a deeply caring and based on a plurinational vision, with a clear commitment to social justice and democracy for all Spain recognition. It was President Companys (who was director of a magazine called New Spain) where he was shot by secessionist by "national forces" putschists. Companys invited the Spanish progressive forces (of which he was extremely popular) to settle their bases in Catalunya to withstand the situation was suffering Spain. In Catalonia the independence movement has emerged only when the plurinational state has not been accepted by the central government. And the current case is an example. Bourbon symbols have never been popular in Catalonia
The enormous brutality with which the Spanish nationalism prevailed in Catalunya explains, for example, that the Spanish Bourbons flag, ultimate expression of such nationalism, has never been popular in this area, a fact that is mischievously presented by the Spanish nationalism as the reflection of an anti-Spain sentiment, feeling that does not really exist in Catalonia. One must understand that when the putschists troops which they called themselves the "national" (which were characterized by an enormous brutality and repression) - occupied Catalunya, did hoisting the flag and playing Bourbon Marcha Real as the national anthem.
How do you want the political and media establishment that such symbols are popular in Catalunya? Do not they realize that people have memory? In Catalonia the rojigualda flag has been popular only in affluent neighborhoods where this flag represented those who recovered their interests. But at street level, the Spanish flag was the Republican banner, along with senyera in Catalonia, carried by the soldiers defending the democratic system in the front. Thousands of Catalans have in his grave senyera and the Spanish flag, which was and remains emotionally, Republican.
And what's very interesting is that in recent demonstrations, as of October 3, plus many stellate (the independence flag) had also, by that Spaniards felt and were against the Spanish State borbónico, the republican flag (besides the senyera). The Spanish flag for Catalan people with memory is the Republican flag, the flag of those who fought for another Spain.
It is indicative of baseness and meanness, as well as españolista nationalist fanaticism, which in tribute to those who fought for the Republic, Mr. Bono, president of the Spanish Cortes, do not let them take this flag. Another indicator of the moral turpitude of such a character is manipulated in the interview that took him in Sixth statements for years did Pablo Iglesias, when expressed not feel represented by the Spanish Bourbon flag, to which Bono said , apparently, Mr. Iglesias would have preferred the flag of Afghanistan (yes, Afghanistan said. Venezuela had not yet appeared in his imagination). It did not occur to Mr. Bono that thousands of Spanish family background differently from yours (falangista comes from a family), movingly its Spanish flag is the Republican. Actually,
Criticism of victimhood course in Catalunya
Another feature of Spanish political and media establishment is accusing the Catalan nationalism of victimhood, presenting him as he suffered a somewhat paranoid of being a victim in this relationship, unfounded they say complex because Catalunya has always received preferential treatment by the Spanish State. A goal of what happened with the Statute of 2006 (the veto in essential parts by the Constitutional Court initiated the growth of separatism) it shows the falsity of the accusation analysis.
A person not suspected of secessionist sympathies, Josep Borrell, former President of the European Parliament and Minister in the PSOE government headed by Felipe González, has made a short list of grievances and offenses Catalunya. In 2005, the leftist government of the tripartite, led by the Socialist Pasqual Maragall, proposed a statute that would redefine the relationship between the government of the Generalitat with the Spanish State, proposing, among other things, recognition of Catalonia as a nation within a plurinational state. T
the statute, as I indicated earlier, was approved by the Catalan Parliament later (modified) approved by the Spanish Cortes, and finally approved by the Catalan people in a referendum. Now all this cumulative process of decisions made by different sovereignties was completely ignored. Borrell notes that important elements of this statute were vetoed by the Constitutional Court, controlled by the PP, a fact that Professor Javier Pérez Royo defined as a coup, bypassing all kinds of sovereignties because partisan interests. And for more offense, elements were eliminated, as Borrell, which had already been approved in other Autonomous Communities, such as Andalusia also points out. Where is the paranoia?
Another example cited by Josep Borrell is the constant silence to continued requests that the concept of ordinal, which is not an unsupportive demand with other CCAA, but a desire that the accepted solidarity not negatively reversed in the potential development of respect Catalan autonomy, a principle accepted in many countries like Spanish architecture.
Borrell added as unfulfilled promises to offer 4.200 million in investments to accelerate the Mediterranean corridor, investment that never appeared in the State Budget. Actually, the design of this Mediterranean corridor has reached sometimes as pointing back Josep Borrell, absurd dimensions, as was the proposal supported by the president of Andalusia, the Ms. Susana Diaz, that such a corridor pass through Madrid.
Needless to say, the independence world has based its argumentario in this discrimination, exaggerating some components, such as making constant reference to a supposed fiscal deficit (defined as theft) of no less than 16,000 million euros, approximately 8% of GDP, which is much higher than the real, which is 4,000 million euros. These exaggerations are unnecessary, because reality itself already shows a situation that is intolerable; But falling into exaggeration credibility, which is always necessary on an issue that hurts the sensibilities easily lost. Borrell admits that the current situation holds many injustices, concluding that there are necessary changes that should be made.
And this attitude is constant. How can it be interpreted mobilization tribute to the National Police and Civil Guard, causing 900 victims in their performance on October 1 who needed medical care, but as an act of Spanish nationalism, as these security forces acted as instruments Spanish state to impose its law? And no one in this body apologized for the damage caused. Do not they realize that such a tribute contributes to offend a large number of Catalans?
Overemphasis on the need to respect the law , another used by the uninational Spanish- nationalism ignores the law , as the Constitution was written at the time of the transition by the powerful in a clearly unbalanced and unequal status arguments where the victors of the Civil War (who controlled the state apparatus and most of the media) had all the power, and the losers of such conflict had little power (fresh from jail, exile or secrecy). The continuous reference to respecting the law is the message of those who want to continue with such an imbalance in power relations. It is a mere excuse to defend the status quo.
As for the argument that the adoption of the Constitution by the Spanish population legitimately be considered the benchmark for all democrats it should be noted that this argument ignores the fact that the two possible alternatives that were presented to the population were or open democracy (reflected in the Constitution) or continue the dictatorship. Among these options it was clear that the people chose the first option on the second. Indeed, the fact that Catalonia outside the Community where the adoption of the Constitution was higher was due not so much enthusiasm by the Constitution but by the great rejection of the dictatorship. Approve such a referendum was the only way out of this intolerable situation.
Final note
Today it is very difficult for those Catalans who we are also Spanish promote alternatives to secessionism positions, because the image comes from Spain today is very unattractive. And that's where it is extremely positive that are appearing throughout the Spanish territory a new progressive forces have a plurinational vision, since they are the only ones that could save Spain, for the repression and constant offense of Catalonia by the Spanish State already almost it achieved what the independentismo wished: the remarkable rejection in large sectors of Catalan society towards the Spanish State and to Spain (provided the latter by silence and apathy towards such discrimination, which has shown much of the political establishment -intellectual Spanish). Today it is more necessary than ever to emphasize that there is another possible, plurinational and Republican Spain, where the new Catalunya can be part of it. The continuation of the constant domain of the current borbónica State has led to emotional secessionism of large sectors of the Catalan people.
Source: http://www.vnavarro.org/?p=14315
Vicenç Navarro
Público.es
Españolista myths of nationalism uninational
One of the reasons given most often in circles of Spanish political and media establishment to explain the growth of separatism in Catalonia is that most of the Catalan population has been subjected to brainwashing during most years of government in Catalunya Catalan nationalist parties, which explains their growing desire to separate from the rest of Spain, I would be the result of his alleged indoctrination in anti-Spanish sentiment.
There have been voices, predominantly of the Catalan right, conservative orientation and / or neoliberal, who have helped this perception created through messages and slogans like "Spain robs" with those who have contributed to the expansion in Spain such reading of what is happening in Catalunya.
Statements on the sixth night of who was president of the Community of Castilla-La Mancha, and Minister of Defense during the PSOE government (led by Mr Zapatero), Mr. José Bono, are a clear case of this thought dominant attributing what happens in Catalonia to a manipulation of public information systems and public institutions reproduction of securities by the ruling parties in the Generalitat de Catalunya.
Such manipulation of the media by the Catalan nationalist governments of the Generalitat de Catalunya has been ongoing for over thirty years in office and yet, the growth of separatism has only recently been given and a very fast way, and especially since the Constitutional Court of the Spanish State rejected important elements of the statute proposed by the Catalan government tripartite headed by the socialist Pasqual Maragall (during the few years Catalonia has been ruled by the left), and was approved by the Parliament, by the Spanish Cortes and endorsed later by the people of Catalunya.
The real causes of the growth of separatism in Catalonia: the uninational nationalism of the Spanish State Bourbon and Spanish political and media establishment
The fact that the rights and many Spanish left allocate responsibility for such growth informational and educational policies of the Catalan government, it is due to his desire to deny any responsibility of the Spanish State in the growth of separatism, which is precisely the main cause of the increase in large sectors of the Catalan town of desire to secede from Spain.
The cause of this growth is not therefore in Catalunya, but primarily in public policies of the central government based in the capital of the Kingdom (which has little to do with the popular Madrid), the center of Spanish nationalism, which is the first and most important cause of that growth. It should be obvious that to understand what happens in Catalonia must know the hidden past (deliberately forgotten in the official history of the country) and present sesgadamente shown by the country 's political-media establishment, which Mr. Bono is representative.
Today such uninational nationalism, whose ultimate expression was the Franco dictatorship that existed in Spain for forty years and whose culture has remained in democracy that followed, and which lives as a result of the transition (misnamed modélica) from dictatorship to democracy was not a break with the previous state, but an openness to incorporate elements of democracy that would allow him to enter the European Union, elements which were insufficient to standardize the existing democracy in Spain to most countries such political-administrative community.
Españolista uninational the nationalism that is not defined as nationalism
In a macho culture, for example, sexist expressions used in language are not even recognized as such by the people who use them, because they are not even aware of it. Such terms are so integrated into the dominant language and way of thinking that are not even considered ideological: are considered as a logical reasonable neutral language, and / or. The same goes therefore with Spanish nationalism, which is not even considered nationalism. The term "nationalism" is used to define the peripheral nationalisms such as Catalan, Basque and Galician. But never to define the Spanish nationalism.
Hear a Vargas Llosa, or a Fernando Sabater or a José Bono saying that nationalisms are bad, defining as such only peripheral, without recognizing that they are, in turn, deeply nationalistic, imposing nationalism everyone else, it is characteristic of what is happening today in Spain. They have published or made statements demonizing peripheral nationalisms with typical arguments of Spanish nationalism, emphasizing the uninacionalidad of Spain, messages transmitted in El Pais and other media-politician Bourbon state media establishment.
This uninational nationalism was imposed by blood and fire in Catalonia during the Civil War. Do not want to acknowledge that, for example, the Catalan language was banned by the occupants of Catalunya (only tolerated in the family room), allowing only speak "the language of the empire", as defined in Castilian. Fascism, the highest expression of Spanish nationalism , oppression meant not only social class but also for the nation. The latter never recognized or supported, and deliberately forgets its enormous brutality that shocked even leaders of German Nazism and Italian fascism, visiting Barcelona during the occupation (see Chapter X, "La llarga nit del franquisme" in Josep Fontana, La formació d'una identitat. A history of Catalunya).
It was a tactical terror imposed by the putschists who interrupted a republican democratic system, as the occupying forces of Spanish nationalism knew they had the majority of the population against (see "A brief personal history of our country" in www.vnavarro. org , 09/26/17).
Españolista the imposition of nationalism uninational
In Spain the great influence of Spanish nationalism explains that any defense of Catalan identity and the plurinational state has always been seen as secessionism. Marginalization of Pasqual Maragall, the socialist president of the Generalitat de Catalunya, by the leadership of the Socialist Party under the leadership of President Zapatero and his team, including his Minister of Defense, Mr Bono, because of its attempt to recover rights of Catalonia as a nation, exemplifies this influence. Bono accused the minister of secessionist sympathies. Indeed, recognition of Catalunya never responded to a secessionist goal .
It was a deeply caring and based on a plurinational vision, with a clear commitment to social justice and democracy for all Spain recognition. It was President Companys (who was director of a magazine called New Spain) where he was shot by secessionist by "national forces" putschists. Companys invited the Spanish progressive forces (of which he was extremely popular) to settle their bases in Catalunya to withstand the situation was suffering Spain. In Catalonia the independence movement has emerged only when the plurinational state has not been accepted by the central government. And the current case is an example. Bourbon symbols have never been popular in Catalonia
The enormous brutality with which the Spanish nationalism prevailed in Catalunya explains, for example, that the Spanish Bourbons flag, ultimate expression of such nationalism, has never been popular in this area, a fact that is mischievously presented by the Spanish nationalism as the reflection of an anti-Spain sentiment, feeling that does not really exist in Catalonia. One must understand that when the putschists troops which they called themselves the "national" (which were characterized by an enormous brutality and repression) - occupied Catalunya, did hoisting the flag and playing Bourbon Marcha Real as the national anthem.
How do you want the political and media establishment that such symbols are popular in Catalunya? Do not they realize that people have memory? In Catalonia the rojigualda flag has been popular only in affluent neighborhoods where this flag represented those who recovered their interests. But at street level, the Spanish flag was the Republican banner, along with senyera in Catalonia, carried by the soldiers defending the democratic system in the front. Thousands of Catalans have in his grave senyera and the Spanish flag, which was and remains emotionally, Republican.
And what's very interesting is that in recent demonstrations, as of October 3, plus many stellate (the independence flag) had also, by that Spaniards felt and were against the Spanish State borbónico, the republican flag (besides the senyera). The Spanish flag for Catalan people with memory is the Republican flag, the flag of those who fought for another Spain.
It is indicative of baseness and meanness, as well as españolista nationalist fanaticism, which in tribute to those who fought for the Republic, Mr. Bono, president of the Spanish Cortes, do not let them take this flag. Another indicator of the moral turpitude of such a character is manipulated in the interview that took him in Sixth statements for years did Pablo Iglesias, when expressed not feel represented by the Spanish Bourbon flag, to which Bono said , apparently, Mr. Iglesias would have preferred the flag of Afghanistan (yes, Afghanistan said. Venezuela had not yet appeared in his imagination). It did not occur to Mr. Bono that thousands of Spanish family background differently from yours (falangista comes from a family), movingly its Spanish flag is the Republican. Actually,
Criticism of victimhood course in Catalunya
Another feature of Spanish political and media establishment is accusing the Catalan nationalism of victimhood, presenting him as he suffered a somewhat paranoid of being a victim in this relationship, unfounded they say complex because Catalunya has always received preferential treatment by the Spanish State. A goal of what happened with the Statute of 2006 (the veto in essential parts by the Constitutional Court initiated the growth of separatism) it shows the falsity of the accusation analysis.
A person not suspected of secessionist sympathies, Josep Borrell, former President of the European Parliament and Minister in the PSOE government headed by Felipe González, has made a short list of grievances and offenses Catalunya. In 2005, the leftist government of the tripartite, led by the Socialist Pasqual Maragall, proposed a statute that would redefine the relationship between the government of the Generalitat with the Spanish State, proposing, among other things, recognition of Catalonia as a nation within a plurinational state. T
the statute, as I indicated earlier, was approved by the Catalan Parliament later (modified) approved by the Spanish Cortes, and finally approved by the Catalan people in a referendum. Now all this cumulative process of decisions made by different sovereignties was completely ignored. Borrell notes that important elements of this statute were vetoed by the Constitutional Court, controlled by the PP, a fact that Professor Javier Pérez Royo defined as a coup, bypassing all kinds of sovereignties because partisan interests. And for more offense, elements were eliminated, as Borrell, which had already been approved in other Autonomous Communities, such as Andalusia also points out. Where is the paranoia?
Another example cited by Josep Borrell is the constant silence to continued requests that the concept of ordinal, which is not an unsupportive demand with other CCAA, but a desire that the accepted solidarity not negatively reversed in the potential development of respect Catalan autonomy, a principle accepted in many countries like Spanish architecture.
Borrell added as unfulfilled promises to offer 4.200 million in investments to accelerate the Mediterranean corridor, investment that never appeared in the State Budget. Actually, the design of this Mediterranean corridor has reached sometimes as pointing back Josep Borrell, absurd dimensions, as was the proposal supported by the president of Andalusia, the Ms. Susana Diaz, that such a corridor pass through Madrid.
Needless to say, the independence world has based its argumentario in this discrimination, exaggerating some components, such as making constant reference to a supposed fiscal deficit (defined as theft) of no less than 16,000 million euros, approximately 8% of GDP, which is much higher than the real, which is 4,000 million euros. These exaggerations are unnecessary, because reality itself already shows a situation that is intolerable; But falling into exaggeration credibility, which is always necessary on an issue that hurts the sensibilities easily lost. Borrell admits that the current situation holds many injustices, concluding that there are necessary changes that should be made.
And this attitude is constant. How can it be interpreted mobilization tribute to the National Police and Civil Guard, causing 900 victims in their performance on October 1 who needed medical care, but as an act of Spanish nationalism, as these security forces acted as instruments Spanish state to impose its law? And no one in this body apologized for the damage caused. Do not they realize that such a tribute contributes to offend a large number of Catalans?
Overemphasis on the need to respect the law , another used by the uninational Spanish- nationalism ignores the law , as the Constitution was written at the time of the transition by the powerful in a clearly unbalanced and unequal status arguments where the victors of the Civil War (who controlled the state apparatus and most of the media) had all the power, and the losers of such conflict had little power (fresh from jail, exile or secrecy). The continuous reference to respecting the law is the message of those who want to continue with such an imbalance in power relations. It is a mere excuse to defend the status quo.
As for the argument that the adoption of the Constitution by the Spanish population legitimately be considered the benchmark for all democrats it should be noted that this argument ignores the fact that the two possible alternatives that were presented to the population were or open democracy (reflected in the Constitution) or continue the dictatorship. Among these options it was clear that the people chose the first option on the second. Indeed, the fact that Catalonia outside the Community where the adoption of the Constitution was higher was due not so much enthusiasm by the Constitution but by the great rejection of the dictatorship. Approve such a referendum was the only way out of this intolerable situation.
Final note
Source: http://www.vnavarro.org/?p=14315
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