EL SISTEMA DE LEMURIA SERÁ APLICADO A LA TIERRA NO SE DEBE PAGAR POR VIVIR EN UNA CASA, NI POR EL AGUA, NI POR EL ALIMENTO

NO SE DEBE PAGAR POR VIVIR EN UNA CASA, NI POR EL AGUA, NI POR EL ALIMENTO, HABRÁ UN FALSO ATAQUE EXTRATERRESTRE

Cada vez más estadounidenses sufren de trastornos psicológicos

Los investigadores analizaron las estadísticas federales de 2006 a 2014 y concluyeron que 3,4 por ciento de la población estadounidense, más de 8,3 millones de personas, sufren trastornos psicológicos graves.

Más de 8,3 millones de estadounidenses sufren de trastornos psicológicos graves, que los Centros de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) definen como sentimientos de tristeza, inquietud e irritabilidad que pueden afectar el bienestar físico, de acuerdo a un estudio publicado este lunes que también revela la incapacidad del Gobierno de EE.UU. para hacer frente a la creciente demanda de atención a la salud mental.

"Estimamos que millones de estadounidenses tienen niveles de angustia emocional que reducen su calidad de vida y acortan su esperanza", aseguró la doctora Judith Weissman, investigadora del Centro Médico Langone de la Universidad de Nueva York y principal autora del estudio, quien aseguró que la investigación "podría ayudar a explicar por qué la tasa de suicidios está en aumento hasta alcanzar los 43.000" casos por año.

A su vez, el estudio publicado asegura que el acceso a los servicios de salud mental para las personas que sufren de angustia emocional se ha reducido considerablemente debido a un déficit de profesionales, un aumento de los costos que no están cubiertos por el seguro de salud y a los efectos de la crisis económica de 2008.

Por su parte, Weissman subrayó que la situación parece haber empeorado tras la aprobación en 2008 de la "Ley de Paridad de Salud Mental y Adicciones" y tras la "Obamacare", una medida aprobada en 2010.

En 2014, casi uno de cada diez estadounidenses (9,5 por ciento) con trastornos psicológicos graves no tenía cobertura médica que le diera acceso a un psiquiatra o psicólogo, comparado con el 9 por ciento en 2006, precisa el estudio.

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Rodrigo Rato immorality knows no bounds

Difficult to find a parallel in Spanish politics, even in Europe, a leader who accumulate as much power as Rodrigo Rato and then end up squandering all its political and moral credit for the sink of immorality. Rato was Minister of Economy and Deputy Prime Minister, and then managing director of Intercional Monetary Fund (IMF), charged with the rank of head of state. It was the face of the economic miracle of the mandate of José María Aznar. And, regardless of other considerations on economic management that stage, the fact is that his performance has been shattered by the obscene behavior of those who abused his position for personal gain.

The latest revelations published in the world credited the lack of scruples who one day aspired to take over from Aznar in front of the PP and the government. Rato did not commit any irregularities after abandoning his political responsibilities. As minister, hiding and seven millonesoffshore. According to the latest report of the Central Operating Unit (UCO) of the Civil Guard, former Vice President blanked capital and paid with illegal money lending banks. It transifirió funds from tax havens in three operations in 2001 and 2003. The Civil Guard believes that five companies of the Rato family turnover of 82 million euros between 1998 and 2004 nine companies he privatized while serving as vice president. Specifically, 31 of these 82 million were paid between 2004 and 2007, when Rato was director of the IMF. And indeed, Rato output of this organism occurred only two days after the external audit of the Fund will interrogate for their companies in tax havens for money launderers. This explains, ten years later, why the former leader of the PP had to leave abruptly IMF, a move that gravely eroded the image of Spain abroad.

Rato behavior can only be described as infamous. Because if it 's already severe public office any fall in illegal and reprehensible practices is even more poignant in that exerted such high responsibilities. And only from the absolute shamelessness or from a sense of impunity be understood that Rato had no complexes in whitening of his fortune using email IMF or repatriate more than four million by a company of Panama when he was still vice president, as this newspaper has revealed. He even ordered from his ministerial office to which state-controlled companies hired with family companies, which certifies the moral character of the above.

It should be emphasized that, in the person of former Economy Minister converge both the shadows of corruption in their particular business -Hacienda and anomalies detected two restatements of Rato as irregularities that dot its management in the public domain. The PP entrusted with the Presidency of Bankia when he was not yet a disgraced character. However, he was convicted by the High Court to four and a half years in prison for a crime of misappropriation in the case of black cards and is being investigated for his role in the fraudulent exit Bankia Bolsa. Regarding the opaque cards a robbery in which officers and directors of the company fraudulently spent 12.5 million euros between 2003 and 2012, the Court ruled that Rato "extended practice in their favor." Rato benefited from stays in five-star hotels and the purchase of luxury items. On the other hand, although the company has already returned the money from the IPO to minority shareholders, the fact is that the former president of Bankia agreed in its accounting manipulation, as evidenced by the reports of the inspectors. The collapse of its management-and of Blesa- not leave him free to citizens, since the State had to inject 23,000 million euros of public money to bail out Bankia.

All this forms the portrait of a man who knows no ethics and preferred undermine its prestige even at the risk of magullar also the economic task of the party that encumbró the first echelon of national and international policy. Justice should thoroughly investigate the source of wealth of Rato, which in no way corresponds to the remuneration received during his political and financial career. But outside the court action, what no doubt is the onerous come from a leader become the epitome of lack of principles. It is difficult to fall lower than Rodrigo Rato.

The referendum would bring together votants month that majoria d'eleccions the Parlament des 1980

The referendum would bring together votants month that majoria d'eleccions the Parlament des 1980

The participació could be 3.3 milions d'electors, that tots els més comicis Catalan cambra excepte i els els 2012 2015

The Clau de volta of the referendum validesa podrien be no només els resultats, but participació. The Government is sold , disposat to pose one Topall Mínim, but notes that els 2.34 tot milions d'electors of 9N (per one cens d'uns 5.5 millions) serien not suficients per international comunitat. In aquest sentit, an internal Enquesta d'ERC filtered  Born Digital  donate month molta credibilitat a Plebiscit not pactat amb l'Estat ha that n'eleva the possible participació 3.3 milions fins d'electors. Or which is the mateix: 9 month votants that you 11 eleccions the Parlament de Catalunya. Les només 2012 (amb 3.6 milions) i les 2015 (amb 4.1 milions) superarien amb claredat REFERENDUM 2003 futurible -Les van aplegar 3,31 milions. 

Amb 3.3 milions of votants, yes to independence could arrive at 69% Pel that fa to resultat, the Mostra d'ERC indicates that 57% d'electors is decantaría pel Yes to l'Estat Catala, mentre the 42% would bet per l 'status quo . I between els qui is mostren disposats to anar to them urnes Madrid fins i tot if not hi dóna the vist-i-plau, els independentistes 69% serien is a dir, fins to 2.27 milions. The sum together for yes i will add the CUP 1,96 milions of paperetes in the 27S eleccions them. I gairebé the meitat of Communes votants Farien costat independence A unilateral referendum mobilitzaria 90% més d'un dels votants d'ERC, PDeCAT i the CUP, but 69% també d'món dels electors of Communes, I gairebé the meitat dels quals (45%) votarien Yes. 14% creu month that "probablement" també aniria als Collegis electorals, segons l'Enquesta, feta 1,780 persones during the month of març. Unionists in their files, to 40% voltant d'Citizens d'electors, PP i PSC acudirien an "illegal" VOTE, com els seus dirigents the titllen. 

 

The oldest human DNA gets 'upside down' evolution

The oldest human DNA gets 'upside down' evolution

by  Manuel Ansede December 4, 2013

Website  EsMateria

It shows two grams of bone

used to study DNA heidelbergensis

Javier Trueba - Madrid Scientific Films

Reading a part of the genome of an individual who lived 400,000 years ago in today 'sSpain reveals an unexpected kinship with an unknown Siberian human group until 2010 and inaugurates a new era in the study of evolution A human who lived 400,000 years ago between bears and lions in what is now the Iberian peninsula has upended once again, what is known about human evolution.

The analysis of two grams of the femur, buried during all those millennia in the Sima of the Bones  of the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos) shows that their DNA is related to Denisovans , a new group of humans discovered in 2010 from a pair of teeth and a tiny little finger bone unearthed in a cave in Siberia (Russia).

The finding is a monumental surprise. It would be like finding out of context a black person with a Basque surname, according to paleontologist example  Ignacio Martínez , co - author of the research. 

The human group of the Sima of the Bones, classified as  Homo heidelbergensis , has Neanderthals traits, so it was expected that his DNA was related to this other human species extinct about 30,000 years ago in their last strongholds of the south of the Iberian Peninsula.

However, the DNA, the oldest read so far, shows an unmistakable kinship with Denisovans, whose only remains have been found thousands of kilometers from Spain.

"This study puts everything upside down," sums Martinez.

Scientists offer four possible scenarios to explain the surprise.

The first human who lived 400,000 years ago  in Atapuerca  had a common ancestor with Denisovans, and that common ancestor is not an ancestor of Neanderthals.

"Obviously means that Denisovans, whoever they are, were in the Middle Pleistocene occupying a vast geographical area, which was in Southeast Asia to western Europe," says geneticist Carles Lalueza-Fox, oblivious to this research and specialist ancient genomes.

According to this first option, a group of unknown until 2010, Denisovans, paced across Europe from end to end, even to the current Mongolia 400,000 years ago.

"A train of the Homo antecessor"

"I'm not so sure" says Martinez, Research Center on Human Evolution and Behavior of Madrid.

His team in this study, led by  Svante Pääbo , also father of the genome of Neanderthals, raises a second possibility:

the population of the Sima is closely related to the ancestors of both neandertales as Denisovans.

"The Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA also be present [in humans from the Pit of Bones], but maybe in a group in another cave or other individuals of the same cave, we'll know in the future," says Matthias Meyer, Institute Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig (Germany).

"It's my favorite scene," says Meyer, lead author of the study, admitting that moment is just a 'speculation'.

Skeleton of one of the 'Homo heidelbergensis'

Sima of the Bones

Javier Trueba - Madrid Scientific Films

Another co-authors, paleoanthropologist  José María Bermúdez de Castro , supports a third scenario:

the  Homo antecessor , a human species 900,000 years also found in Atapuerca, one kilometer from the Sima de los Huesos, give their mitochondrial DNA Denisovans.

"Imagine a train that part of  Homo antecessor , makes a stop at the Sima de los Huesos and reaches Denisovans" Bermudez de Castro, co - director of the Atapuerca and editorial advisor to explain  matter .

"Where were the Neanderthals in this way? Well I do not know," he admits. "At the moment, I would not change the posters of the Museum of Human Evolution," he jokes.

His colleague Ignacio Martínez believes that obtaining such ancient DNA is a historic landmark, which opens,

"A new era in the study of human evolution."

However, he warns that DNA obtained from the two grams of femur Sima of the Bones is mitochondrial, which is inherited from the mother, so it is too early to make statements.

"If a Sioux Indian has a child with a Swedish woman, child mitochondrial DNA will tell us that comes from Sweden. This type of DNA shows only part of the story," he laments.

Atapuerca researchers are now working with experts from the Max Planck German to try to recover "at least a small part of the nuclear genome" of  Homo heidelbergensis from Sima de los Huesos, according advances  Matthias Meyer .

In the cell nucleus is the vast majority of the 25,000 genes of a human, but there are about 40 genes out of it, in the mitochondria, the power plants of the cells.

Mitochondrial DNA that humans inherit from their mothers is the one that has been recovered by the time the  Homo heidelbergensis .

Finally, the study of the remains of Atapuerca ( A Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of a hominin from Sima of the Bones ), published today in the journal  Nature , suggests a fourth possibility:

Neanderthals and Denisovans be a group with a common ancestor, while Sima human Bone be part of a different group.

This option is weak, because it would imply that Neanderthals traits in both groups emerged independently.

A year ago, researchers at Atapuerca announced that  Homo heidelbergensis could talk about 400,000 years ago, after finding that the bandwidth of your ear canal was prepared to hear sounds emitted by current mouths.

Talk now expect their DNA ...

DNA Clarifies ...

Sources of human Atapuerca by Nuño DomínguezMarch 14, 2016

Website  ElPais

Excavations at the

Sima de los Huesos at Atapuerca (Burgos).

JT / MSF
 

28 hominids that lie at the Sima de los Huesos

They had a close relationship with Neanderthals,

according to the first analysis of its nuclear genetic material

430,000 years ago, at least 28 children and adults of both sexes were killed and buried in a cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca, in Burgos.

When paleoanthropologists find them, they christened the site as the Sima de los Huesos, because from there they took over 6,700 human fossils.

It is still unclear whether it was a death trap or a grave with religious sense, but, over time, research on what happened there has become a global benchmark for the clarification of the least known chapters of human evolution.

Now, for the first time in the long history, it has been possible to analyze nuclear DNA from two individuals of the chasm. It is extracted genetic material from the cell nucleus, the oldest ever analyzed.

The simple fact of having managed to rescue him from a few micrograms of ground bone of a femur, several teeth and blades, is already a landmark achievement.

But the most interesting is the story reveals.

Atapuerca hominids

would archaic Neanderthals,

ancestors who inhabited Europe

and they passed sapiens.
 

The team of paleoanthropologists who heads excavations at Atapuerca believes that the 28 human buried there are archaic Neanderthals, ancestors of the modern members of this species that lived in Europe until about 40,000 years ago and with whom sapiens had sex and children.
 

In 2013, thanks to the collaboration of a specialist team to recover ancient DNA from fossils led by  Svante Pääbo , of the Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Max Planck in Leipzig, Germany,  they were able to extract DNA for the first time one of these individuals .

The results showed an unexpected kinship with Denisovans, other hominids who lived in the remote Altai mountains of Siberia and whose discovery was announced in 2010.Ese relationship was narrower than the Neanderthals themselves. But this time the type of mitochondrial DNA was analyzed and therefore offered information only the maternal line.

The new analysis now provides the other half of the story, because the nuclear DNA carries information both lineage of the father and the mother.

In one study ( Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene hominins Sima of the Bones ) published today in  Nature  responsible for this research say human Gap had a much closer relationship with Neanderthals with Denisovans.

Thus, DNA confirms that the Atapuerca hominids would  archaic Neanderthals , ancestors of those who later conquered Europe and met with sapiens.

But the study also reaffirms that the mitochondrial DNA, the maternal line, is becoming related to their carriers with Denisovans.

Subsequent Neanderthals had a different mitochondrial DNA, although it is unclear why.

Sex everywhere

"The Sima de los Huesos is currently the only site without permafrost that allows us to study DNA sequences of the Middle Pleistocene, the previous 125,000 years period," notes Matthias Meyer, an expert in genetic sequencing of the Max Planck and first author of the study.

The work would not have been possible if paleoanthropologists who dug the pit had not taken exceptional measures to preserve bone and prevent them from being contaminated with DNA from other organisms.

"For many years we expect that advances in molecular analysis could one day help in the investigation of this unique fossil site in the world," said Juan Luis Arsuaga, co-director of Atapuerca and signer of the new study.

"So we drew some of the specimens with clean tools and have left encapsulated in the surrounding mud to minimize alterations after excavation" highlights.

Extracting DNA from the cell nucleus, ie cells that died 430,000 years ago, is a huge technological challenge, says  Carles Lalueza-Fox , a researcher in ancient DNA expert who has not participated in this study.

The team started,

"With about 2,600 million sequences" of DNA and was ruling the vast majority to be left alone "with a few common positions" equivalent "to less than 1% of the human genome," he explains.

One of the conclusions drawn Lalueza-Fox of the material is the persistent occurrence of hybridizations, sex and fertile children between one species and another.

"We have half a dozen such data and found each hybridization" highlights.

Faced with this piece that does not fit, some of the study's authors speculate that perhaps due to a population of later Neanderthals would have come from Africa to Europe, he would have crossed with European groups and the DNA of the women would have ended up being dominant and diluting the remains provided by the Denisovans.

"These results give us important landmarks in the timeline of human evolution," said Svante Pääbo in a press release from the Max Planck.

The data "are consistent" with the hypothesis that separate us as a species sapiens other "archaic human" makes between 550,000 and 750,000 years highlights.

In addition, it is clear that Neanderthals and Denisovans divergence from a common ancestor ago happened before  430,000 years , the date of the Sima.

As usual, the analysis of ancient DNA gives another romp to the  classic version of human evolution .

"On the one hand simplify the evolutionary history of these human and secondly the complicated," says José María Bermúdez de Castro, co-director of Atapuerca and one of the investigators.

In 2014, the team decided to withdraw from the chasm hominid classification as aspecies  Homo heidelbergensis , explains.

Since then are in a kind of scientific limbo, assigned species, but with very clear morphological similarities neandertales, a connection confirming now DNA.

"The story we see now is very complicated, with a genealogy that Neanderthals had several branches, different lineages" occupying different areas and could reproduce with each other, explains.

Now,

"What remains to be determined is whether we have a species or a subspecies of Neanderthals in the pit," adds Bermudez de Castro.

The team believes that possibly more nuclear DNA can be extracted in the future, which would reveal new chapters of the still mysterious story surrounding the 28 bodies from the Pit of Bones.

One key is whether they were all members of one family.

"I honestly think that this evidence will be found," says Bermudez de Castro

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